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1 discriminate between fact and fancy
Общая лексика: отличать факты от вымыслаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > discriminate between fact and fancy
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2 to discriminate between fact and fancy
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > to discriminate between fact and fancy
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3 fact
noun1) (true thing) Tatsache, diethe fact remains that... — Tatsache bleibt:...
the true facts of the case or matter — der wahre Sachverhalt
know for a fact that... — genau od. sicher wissen, dass...
is that a fact? — (coll.) Tatsache? (ugs.)
the reason lies in the fact that... — der Grund besteht darin, dass...
face [the] facts — den Tatsachen ins Gesicht sehen
it is a proven fact that... — es ist erwiesen, dass...
the fact [of the matter] is that... — die Sache ist die, dass...
[it is a] fact of life — [das ist die] harte od. rauhe Wirklichkeit
tell or teach somebody the facts of life — (coll. euphem.) jemanden [sexuell] aufklären
2) (reality) Wahrheit, die; Tatsachen Pl.distinguish fact from fiction — Fakten und Fiktion (geh.) od. Dichtung und Wahrheit unterscheiden
I don't think he'll come back; in fact I know he won't — ich glaube nicht, dass er zurückkommt, ich weiß es sogar; see also academic.ru/45644/matter">matter 1. 4)
3) (thing assumed to be fact) Faktum, dasdeny the fact that... — [die Tatsache] abstreiten, dass...
* * *[fækt]1) (something known or believed to be true: It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.) die Tatsache2) (reality: fact or fiction.) die Wirklichkeit•- the facts of life- factual
- factually
- as a matter of fact
- in fact
- in point of fact* * *[fækt]nmatters of \fact Tatsachen plthe \fact [of the matter] is that... Tatsache ist [o es stimmt], dass...3.▶ \facts and figures Fakten und Zahlen, genaue Daten▶ in \fact [or as a matter of \fact] [or in point of \fact] genaugenommen▶ to know the \facts of life wissen, worauf es im Leben ankommt▶ to be a \fact of life die harte Wahrheit sein▶ to tell sb the \facts of life jdn über den Ernst des Lebens aufklären* * *[fkt]n1) Tatsache f, Faktum nt (geh); (historical, geographical etc) Faktum nthe accepts the fact that I don't eat meat — er akzeptiert es, dass ich kein Fleisch esse
in view of the fact that... — angesichts der Tatsache, dass...
despite the fact that... — der Tatsache zum Trotz, dass...
to know for a fact that — (es) ganz genau or sicher wissen, dass
the fact (of the matter) is that... — die Sache ist die, dass...
the fact remains that... — es lässt sich nicht bestreiten, dass...
to stick to the facts — bei den Tatsachen bleiben, sich an die Tatsachen or Fakten halten
to look (the) facts in the face — der Wirklichkeit or den Tatsachen (dat) ins Auge sehen
the facts of the case (Jur) — der Tatbestand, der Sachverhalt
... and that's a fact —... darüber besteht kein Zweifel!,... Tatsache! (inf)
is that a fact? — tatsächlich?, Tatsache? (inf)
See:→ face2) no pl (= reality) Wirklichkeit f, Realität fbased/founded on fact — auf Tatsachen beruhend
3)in (point of) fact, in actual fact — eigentlich
in fact, as a matter of fact — eigentlich; (to intensify previous statement) sogar
I don't suppose you know him? – in( actual) fact or as a matter of fact I do — Sie kennen ihn nicht zufällig? – doch, eigentlich schon
do you know him? – in (actual) fact or as a matter of fact I do —
it sounds simple, but in (actual) fact or in point of fact it's very difficult — es hört sich so einfach an, aber in Wirklichkeit ist es sehr schwer
I'd meant to do some work but in fact I was too tired — ich wollte eigentlich etwas arbeiten, war aber dann zu müde
I thought I could give you a lift, but in (actual) fact I won't be going — ich dachte, ich könnte dich mitnehmen, aber ich gehe doch nicht
it won't be easy, in fact or as a matter of fact it'll be very difficult —
does it hurt? – as a matter of fact it's very painful — tuts weh? – ja, und sogar ganz schön
I bet you haven't done that! – as a matter of fact I have! — du hast das bestimmt nicht gemacht! – und ob, aber ja doch!
do you know Sir Charles? – as a matter of fact he's my uncle/yes, in fact he's my uncle — kennen Sie Sir Charles? – ja, und er ist sogar/ja, er ist nämlich mein Onkel
4) (JUR)to be an accessory before/after the fact — sich der Beihilfe/Begünstigung schuldig machen
* * *fact [fækt] s1. Tatsache f, Faktum n, Wirklichkeit f, Wahrheit f:fact and fancy Dichtung und Wahrheit;in (point of) fact in der Tat, tatsächlich, faktisch, in Wirklichkeit, genau genommen;it is a fact that … Tatsache ist, dass …;and that’s a fact! glaube mir!; however many gallons you say you put in this morning, the tank is empty now, and that’s a fact! jetzt ist der Tank auf jeden Fall oder jedenfalls leer!;know sth for a fact etwas (ganz) sicher wissen;be a fact of life die harte oder raue Wirklichkeit sein;the facts of life das Geheimnis des Lebens, die Tatsachen über die Entstehung des Lebens;explain the facts of life to sb, tell sb the facts of life jemanden (sexuell) aufklären;2. JURa) Tatsache f:in fact and law in tatsächlicher und rechtlicher Hinsicht;the facts (of the case) der Tatbestand, die Tatumstände, der Sachverhalt;b) Tat f:* * *noun1) (true thing) Tatsache, diethe fact remains that... — Tatsache bleibt:...
the true facts of the case or matter — der wahre Sachverhalt
know for a fact that... — genau od. sicher wissen, dass...
is that a fact? — (coll.) Tatsache? (ugs.)
the reason lies in the fact that... — der Grund besteht darin, dass...
face [the] facts — den Tatsachen ins Gesicht sehen
it is a proven fact that... — es ist erwiesen, dass...
the fact [of the matter] is that... — die Sache ist die, dass...
[it is a] fact of life — [das ist die] harte od. rauhe Wirklichkeit
tell or teach somebody the facts of life — (coll. euphem.) jemanden [sexuell] aufklären
2) (reality) Wahrheit, die; Tatsachen Pl.distinguish fact from fiction — Fakten und Fiktion (geh.) od. Dichtung und Wahrheit unterscheiden
I don't think he'll come back; in fact I know he won't — ich glaube nicht, dass er zurückkommt, ich weiß es sogar; see also matter 1. 4)
3) (thing assumed to be fact) Faktum, dasdeny the fact that... — [die Tatsache] abstreiten, dass...
* * *n.Faktum n.Gegebenheit f.Tatsache -n f.Umstand -¨e m. -
4 fact
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5 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.■ Longland, Jean. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry. A Bilingual Selection. Irvington-on-Hudson: Harvey House, 1966. Prado Coelho, Jacinto do. Dicionário das Literaturas Portuguesas, Galega e Brasileira, 3rd ed. Oporto, 1978. Rossi, Giuseppe C. Storia della letteratura portoghesa. Florence, 1953.■ Santos, João Camilo dos. "Portuguese Contemporary Literature." In Antônio Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 218-42. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.■ Saraiva, Antônio José. História da cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-60.■. História da Literatura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1990 ed.■, and Oscar Lopes. História da Literatura Portuguesa. Oporto and Coimbra, 1992 ed.■ Seguier, Jaime de, ed. Dicionário Prático Ilustrado. Oporto: Lello, 1961 and later eds.■ Simões, João Gaspar. História da poesia portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1955-56 and later eds.■. História da poesia portuguesa do século XX. Lisbon, 1959 and later eds.■ Stern, Irwin, ed.-in-chief. Dictionary of Brazilian Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1988.■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL■ Ballard, Sam, and Jane Ballard. Pousadas of Portugal: Unique Lodgings in State-owned Castles, Palaces, Mansions and Hotels. Boston: Harvard Common, 1986.■ Bridge, Ann, and Susan Lowndes Marques. The Selective Traveller in Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1968.■ Ellingham, Mark, et al. Portugal: The Rough Guide. London: Rough Guides, 2008 ed.■ Hogg, Anthony. Travellers' Portugal. London: Solo Mio, 1983.■ Kite, Cynthia, and Ralph Kite. Portuguese Country Inns & Pousadas. New York: Warner Books; Karen Brown's Country Inn Series, 1988.■ Lowndes, Susan, ed. Fodor's Portugal 1991. New York: Fodor's, 1990.■ Proença Raúl, and Sant'anna Dionísio, eds. Guía De Portugal. I. Generalidades. Lisboa E, Arredores. Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1924; 1983.■ Robertson, Ian. Portugal: Blue Guide. London: Benn; New York: Norton, 2000 and later eds.■ Stoop, Anne de. Living in Portugal. Paris and New York: Flammarion, 1995. Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Minho and North Portugal: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1968.■. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.■. Algarve: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1973.■ HISTORY OF PORTUGAL Ancient and Medieval (2000 BCE-1415 CE)■ Alarção, Jorge de. Roman Portugal. Volume I: Introduction. Warminster, U.K., 1988.■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História de Portugal. Vol. I. Coimbra, 1922. Arnaut, Salvador Dias. A Crise Nacional dos fins do século XVI. Vol. 1. Coimbra, 1960.■ Baião, Antônio, Hernani Cidade, and Manuel Múrias, eds. História de Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40. Caetano, Marcello. Lições de História do Direito Português. Coimbra, 1962. Cortesão, Jaime. Os Factores Democráticos no Formação de Portugal. Lisbon, 1960.■ David, Pierre. Etudes Historiques sur la Galice et le Portugal du VI au XII siécle. Paris, 1947.■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999. Diffie, Bailey W. Prelude to Empire: Portugal Overseas before Henry the Navigator. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1960. Dutra, Francis A. "Portugal: To 1279." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. X: 35-48. New York: Scribners, 1987.■. "Portugal: 1279-1481." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. X: 48-56. New York: Scribners, 1987. Gama Barros, Henrique de. História de Administração Pública em Portugal nos séculos XII à XV, 11 vols. Lisbon, 1945-51. Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. A Economia dos Descobrimentos Henriquinos. Lisbon, 1962.■ Gonzaga de Azevedo, Luís. História de Portugal, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1939-44.■ Herculano, Alexandre. História de Portugal, 8 vols., 9th ed. Lisbon, 1940.■ Kennedy, Hugh. Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Anda-lus. London: Longman, 1996.■ Lencastre e Tavora, Luía Gonzaga. O Estudo da Sigilografia Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1990.■ Livermore, H. V. The Origins of Spain and Portugal. London: Allen & Unwin, 1971.■ Lopes, David. "Os Árabes nas obras de Alexandre Herculano." Boletim da Segunda Classe. Lisbon: Academia Real das Sciéncias, III (1909-10). MacKendrick, Paul. The Iberian Stones Speak. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1969.■ Martinez, Pedro Soares. História Diplomática De Portugal [chapter I, 114315]. Lisbon, 1986.■ Mattoso, José, ed. A Nobreza Medieval Portuguesa: A Família e o Poder. Lisbon: Estampa, 1981.■. Religião e cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1982.■. Identificaçao de um país ( ensaio sobre as orígens de Portugal), 2 vols. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.■. Novos Ensaios de História Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1988.■. Historia de Portugal. Vol. 2: A Monarquia Feudal ( 1096-1480). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. Hansa e Portugal na Idade Média. Lisbon, 1959.■. Introduçao à História da Agricultura em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.■. Daily Life in Portugal in the Middle Ages. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971.■. Ensaios de História Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1980.■. "Introduçao à História da Cidade Medieval Portuguesa." Bracara Augusta XXV, 92-93 (January-December 1981): 367-87.■. Guía do Estudante de História Medieval Portuguesa, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1985.■. Portugal Na Crise Dos Séculos XIV e XV-Vol. IV of Serrão and Oliveira Marques, Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.■ Peres, Damião de, ed. História de Portugal. Vols. I, II. Barcelos, 1928-29.■ Rau, Virginia. Subsídios para o estudo das Feiras Medievais Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1943.■. Sesma'rias Medievais Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1946.■ Ribeiro, Orlando. "Portugal, formação de." Dicionário da História de Portugal. Vol. III, 432-51. Lisbon, 1966.■ Rogers, Francis M. The Travels of the Infante Dom Pedro of Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1961.■ Russell, P. E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955.■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1968.■ Silva, Armando Coelho Ferreira. A Cultura Castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Pacos de Ferreira, 1986.■ Varagnac, André. O Homem antes da Escrita ( Pre-história). Lisbon, 1963.■ Azevedo, J. Lúcio de. História de António de Vieira, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1918-20.■. Épocas de Portugal Económico. Lisbon, 1929.■ Borges de Macedo, Jorge. Problemas de História de Indústria Portuguesa no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1963.■. "Pombal." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. III, 415-23. Lisbon, 1968.■ Bovill, Edward W. The Battle of the Alcazar: An Account of the Defeat of Dom Sebastian at El-Ksar el-Kebir. London, 1952.■ Boxer, C. R. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg, South Africa: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.■. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.■. João de Barros: Portuguese Humanist and Historian of Asia. New Delhi, India: Xavier Centre, 1981.■ Cheke, Marcus. Dictator of Portugal: A Life of the Marquis of Pombal, 16991782. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1938.■ Cunha, Luís da. Testamento Político. Lisbon, 1820.■ Davidson, Lillias C. Catherine of Bragança. London: John Murray, 1908.■ Dutra, Francis A. "Membership in the Order of Christ in the Seventeenth Century." The Americas 27 (1970): 3-25.■ Eberlein, H. D., and R. W. Ramsdell. The Practical Book of Italian, Spanish and Portuguese Furniture. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1927.■ Ericeira, Luís de Meneses [Count of]. História de Portugal Restaurado, 4 vols. Oporto, 1945.■ Fisher, H. E. S. "Anglo-Portuguese Trade, 1700-70." Economic History Review XVI, 2 (1963): 219-33.■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal: 1691-1708. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.■ Hanson, Carl A. 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Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? 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Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. 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Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. 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Anderson, trans. London, 1882.■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. 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Coimbra, 1906-9.■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.■ EQUESTRIANISM■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.comHistorical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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6 discriminate
̘. ̈a.dɪsˈkrɪmɪnɪt
1. прил.
1) архаич. отчетливый, четкий, ясный;
отличимый Syn: distinct
2) распознающий, различающий, проводящий различие Ant: indiscriminate
2. гл.
1) различать, отличать, проводить различие, дифференцировать, выделять (between, from) The two brothers are so much alike, it is difficult to discriminate between them. ≈ Братья так похожи, едва отличишь одного от другого. Only a trained eye can discriminate between the two paintings. ≈ Только натренированный глаз может отличить одну картину от другой. The device can discriminate between the cancerous and the normal cells. ≈ Этот прибор умеет отличать раковые клетки от нормальных. Syn: differentiate, discern, distinguish Ant: blur, confuse, jumble
2) различать, ощущать, чувствовать, замечать, наблюдать;
отмечать различия Syn: perceive, observe, note
3) а) дискриминировать, относиться по-разному, проявлять пристрастие б) дискриминировать, проводить политику расовой дискриминации The Commission for Racial Equality teaches organisations not to discriminate. ≈ Комиссия по Расовому равенству учит другие организации не проводить политику дискриминации. различающий;
способный различать отличать, различать;
видеть различие - to * red from scarlet отличать красный цвет от алого - to * between fact and fancy отличать факты от вымысла выделять, отличать - this *d him from his followers в этом состояло различие между ним и его последователями проявлять пристрастие, быть небеспристрастным - to * against smb.'s friends предвзято относиться к чьим-л. друзьям, быть настроенным против чьих-л. друзей - to * in favour of smb. проявлять к кому-л. особое пристрастие, благоволить к кому-л. (against) дискриминировать;
проводить политику дискриминации discriminate дискриминировать;
относиться по-разному;
to discriminate in favour (of smb.) ставить( кого-л.) в благоприятные условия;
to discriminate (against smb.) ставить (кого-л.) в худшие условия discriminate дискриминировать;
относиться по-разному;
to discriminate in favour (of smb.) ставить (кого-л.) в благоприятные условия;
to discriminate (against smb.) ставить (кого-л.) в худшие условия ~ дискриминировать ~ отличать, выделять ~ отчетливый;
имеющий отличительные признаки ~ проводить дискриминацию ~ проявлять пристрастие ~ (уметь) различать, распознавать( between) ~ различающий(ся) discriminate дискриминировать;
относиться по-разному;
to discriminate in favour (of smb.) ставить (кого-л.) в благоприятные условия;
to discriminate (against smb.) ставить (кого-л.) в худшие условияБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > discriminate
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7 discriminate
1. [dısʹkrımınıt] aразличающий; способный различать2. [dısʹkrımıneıt] v1. отличать, различать; видеть различие2. выделять, отличатьthis discriminated him from his followers - в этом состояло различие между ним и его последователями
3. 1) проявлять пристрастие, быть небеспристрастнымto discriminate against smb.'s friends - предвзято относиться к чьим-л. друзьям; быть настроенным против чьих-л. друзей
to discriminate in favour of smb. - проявлять к кому-л. особое пристрастие, благоволить к кому-л.
2) (against) дискриминировать; проводить политику дискриминации -
8 discriminate
v1. відрізняти, розрізняти2. (against) дискримінувати, проводити політику дискримінації- to discriminate between fact and fancy відрізняти факти від вигадки -
9 discriminate
v1) отличать, различать, видеть различие2) ( against) дискриминировать, проводить политику дискриминации -
10 simple
adjective1) (not compound, not complicated) einfach; (not elaborate) schlicht [Mobiliar, Schönheit, Kunstwerk, Kleidung]2) (unqualified, absolute) einfach; simpelit was a simple misunderstanding — es war [ganz] einfach ein Missverständnis
it is a simple fact that... — es ist [ganz] einfach eine Tatsache od. eine simple Tatsache, dass...
3) (easy) einfachit's [not] as simple as that — so einfach ist das [nicht]
4) (unsophisticated) schlicht; (foolish) dumm; einfältig* * *['simpl]1) (not difficult; easy: a simple task.) einfach2) (not complicated or involved: The matter is not as simple as you think.) einfach3) (not fancy or unusual; plain: a simple dress/design; He leads a very simple life.) schlicht4) (pure; mere: the simple truth.) rein5) (trusting and easily cheated: She is too simple to see through his lies.) naiv6) (weak in the mind; not very intelligent: I'm afraid he's a bit simple, but he's good with animals.) einfältig•- academic.ru/67357/simpleton">simpleton- simplicity
- simplification
- simplified
- simplify
- simply
- simple-minded
- simple-mindedness* * *sim·ple<-r, -st or more \simple, most \simple>[ˈsɪmpl̩]I want an explanation, but keep it \simple ich möchte eine einfache Erklärung2. (not difficult) einfachit's not as \simple as that das ist nicht ganz so einfachin \simple English in einfachem Englischa \simple life form eine schlichte Lebensformthat's the truth, pure and \simple das ist die reine Wahrheitthe \simple fact is that... Tatsache ist, dass...for the \simple reason that... aus dem schlichten [o einfachen] Grund, dass...he was just a \simple fisherman er war nur ein einfacher Fischerthe \simple things in life die einfachen Dinge im Leben6. (foolish) naiv* * *['sɪmpl]adj (+er)1) (= uncomplicated, easy) einfach"chemistry made simple" — "Chemie leicht gemacht"
2) (= plain, not elaborate) einfach; decor, dress schlicht, einfachin simple terms —
in simple language — in einfacher Sprache
the simple fact that... —
for the simple reason that... — aus dem einfachen or schlichten Grund, dass...
it's a simple matter of finding adequate finance — es geht ganz einfach darum, angemessene finanzielle Mittel zu finden
3) (= unsophisticated, unworldly) einfach, schlichtI'm a simple soul — ich bin ein einfacher Mensch
she likes the simple life —
4) (= foolish, mentally deficient) einfältig* * *simple [ˈsımpl]1. einfach, simpel (Aufgabe, Erklärung etc):it was as simple as that so einfach war das2. einfach, schlicht (Leben, Person etc):simple diet einfache Kost3. einfach, schlicht:a) schmucklos, kunstlosb) ungekünstelt (Stil etc):simple beauty schlichte Schönheit4. einfach, niedrig:5. rein, unverfälscht:6. simpel:a) einfältig, törichtb) unbedarft, ungebildetc) naiv, leichtgläubig7. einfach, unkompliziert (Design etc);8. einfach (Diebstahl, Gleichung etc):simple majority PARL einfache Mehrheit;simple tense LING einfache Zeit(form)9. gering(fügig), unbedeutend10. glatt, rein (Wahnsinn etc)11. MUS allg einfach (Ton etc)B s obs2. PHARM Heilkraut n, -pflanze f* * *adjective1) (not compound, not complicated) einfach; (not elaborate) schlicht [Mobiliar, Schönheit, Kunstwerk, Kleidung]2) (unqualified, absolute) einfach; simpelit was a simple misunderstanding — es war [ganz] einfach ein Missverständnis
it is a simple fact that... — es ist [ganz] einfach eine Tatsache od. eine simple Tatsache, dass...
3) (easy) einfachit's [not] as simple as that — so einfach ist das [nicht]
4) (unsophisticated) schlicht; (foolish) dumm; einfältig* * *adj.einfach adj.einfältig adj. -
11 simple
'simpl1) (not difficult; easy: a simple task.) sencillo, fácil, simple2) (not complicated or involved: The matter is not as simple as you think.) sencillo, fácil, simple3) (not fancy or unusual; plain: a simple dress/design; He leads a very simple life.) simple, sencillo4) (pure; mere: the simple truth.) puro, mero5) (trusting and easily cheated: She is too simple to see through his lies.) ingenuo, cándido6) (weak in the mind; not very intelligent: I'm afraid he's a bit simple, but he's good with animals.) simple, tonto•- simplicity
- simplification
- simplified
- simplify
- simply
- simple-minded
- simple-mindedness
simple adj1. sencillo / simplethe food was simple, but very good la comida era sencilla, pero estaba muy buena2. fácil
simple adjetivo 1 (sencillo, fácil) simple; See also→ llanamente 2 ( delante del n) ( mero) simple;◊ el simple hecho de … the simple fact of …;es un simple resfriado it's just a common cold; un simple soldado an ordinary soldier 3 ( tonto) simple, simple-minded ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino simpleton
simple
I adjetivo
1 (sencillo) simple: estos ejercicios son muy simples, these exercises are very easy
una cámara de simple manejo, an easy-to-use camera
2 Ling Quím (no complejo, no compuesto) simple
oración simple, simple sentence
3 (mero, tan solo) mere, pure: somos simples espectadores, we are mere observers
fue simple casualidad, it was pure coincidence pey es un simple secretario, he's just a secretary
4 (cándido, sin malicia) naive, innocent pey (tonto) simple-minded, half-witted, foolish
II m (ingenuo, inocente) innocent, naive person pey (simplón, tonto) simpleton, half-wit ' simple' also found in these entries: Spanish: babosa - baboso - bendita - bendito - boba - bobalicón - bobalicona - bobo - borrica - borrico - clavar - compuesta - compuesto - hincapié - idea - lila - llaneza - mayoría - pánfila - pánfilo - pardilla - pardillo - preferir - sencilla - sencillo - simpleza - triste - vista - hechura - llanamente - mero - pretérito - puro - ya English: ago - arithmetic - dowdy - gravestone - mere - naked - plain - simple - simple interest - simple-minded - simple-mindedness - single-spacing - basic - simply - unsophisticatedtr['sɪmpəl]1 (easy, straightforward) sencillo,-a, fácil, simple2 (plain, not elaborate) sencillo,-a, simple3 (not compound) simple, sencillo,-a4 (plain, pure, nothing more than) sencillo,-a, puro,-a, mero,-a■ for the simple reason that... por la sencilla razón que...5 (unsophisticated, ordinary) simple, sencillo,-a6 (genuine, sincere) sencillo,-a; (foolish) tonto,-a; (naive, easily deceived) ingenuo,-a, inocente, simple; (backward, weak-minded) simple, corto,-a de alcances\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLsimple fracture fractura simplesimple interest interés nombre masculino simple1) innocent: inocente2) plain: sencillo, simple3) easy: simple, sencillo, fácil4) straightforward: puro, simplethe simple truth: la pura verdad5) naive: ingenuo, simpleadj.• batueco, -a adj.• bobo, -a adj.• bueno, -a adj.• fácil adj.• incapaz adj.• llano, -a adj.• mero, -a adj.• puro, -a adj.• párvulo, -a adj.• sencillo, -a adj.• simple adj.n.• simple s.m.'sɪmpəl1) ( uncomplicated) <task/problem> sencillo, simplethe machine is very simple to use — la máquina es de fácil manejo or es fácil de manejar
2) ( straightforward)the simple truth is (that)... — la pura verdad es que...
it's a simple statement of fact — es simplemente or meramente la constatación de un hecho
for the simple reason that... — por la sencilla razón de que...
3) (plain, unpretentious) <dress/food> sencillo, simple4)a) (unsophisticated, humble) simpleb) ( backward) simple, corto de alcances5) < interest> simple['sɪmpl]1. ADJ(compar simpler) (superl simplest)1) (=uncomplicated) [problem, idea, task] sencillo, simple•
it's as simple as that — la cosa es así de sencilla•
it should be a simple enough job — no debería ser un trabajo difícil•
keep it simple — no lo compliques•
the simplest thing would be to phone — lo más sencillo sería llamar por teléfono•
to be simple to make/use — ser sencillo de hacer/usar2) (=mere) simplea simple phone call could win you a week's holiday in Florida — con una simple llamada de teléfono podría ganar una semana de vacaciones en Florida
•
by the simple fact that... — por el simple hecho de que...•
to be a simple matter of doing sth — ser simplemente una cuestión de hacer algo3) (=elementary) simple•
a simple act of kindness — un simple acto de bondad•
the simple fact is... — la pura realidad es...pure 1., 1)•
for the simple reason that... — por la simple razón de que...4) (=not fussy) [dress, style, food] sencillo5) (=unsophisticated) [person, life, pleasures, pursuits] sencillo•
the simple things in or of life — las cosas sencillas de la vida6) * (=mentally retarded) simple7) (Chem, Bio, Bot, Med) simple8) (Gram) [sentence, tense] simple2.CPDsimple division N — división f simple
simple equation N — ecuación f de primer grado
simple fraction N — fracción f simple
simple interest N — interés m simple
simple majority N — (Pol) mayoría f simple
Simple Simon N — tontorrón m, simplón m, alma m de cántaro (Sp)
simple tense N — (Gram) tiempo m simple
* * *['sɪmpəl]1) ( uncomplicated) <task/problem> sencillo, simplethe machine is very simple to use — la máquina es de fácil manejo or es fácil de manejar
2) ( straightforward)the simple truth is (that)... — la pura verdad es que...
it's a simple statement of fact — es simplemente or meramente la constatación de un hecho
for the simple reason that... — por la sencilla razón de que...
3) (plain, unpretentious) <dress/food> sencillo, simple4)a) (unsophisticated, humble) simpleb) ( backward) simple, corto de alcances5) < interest> simple -
12 сказать
несовер. - говорить;
совер. - сказать say, tell;
speak, talk говорить как по писаному ≈ to speak as from the book говорить на скользкую тему ≈ to be on slippery ground говорить с пеной у рта ≈ to speak furiously/passionately говорить скабрезности ≈ to use scabrous language что вы говорите! (выражает недоверие) ≈ you don't say so! что и сказать ≈ it can't be denied сказать правду ≈ to tell the truth говорить дело ≈ to talk sense говорят ≈ they say, it is said нечего (и) сказать ≈ it goes without saying, needless to say, there is no denying it;
I must say ! ирон. к слову сказать ≈ by the way так сказать ≈ so to speak, one might say, as it were что ни говори ≈ whatever you may say что и говорить, и не говори(те) ≈ yes, of course, sure иначе говоря ≈ in other words легко сказать ≈ it's easy to say, easier said than done трудно сказать ≈ there is no saying/telling лучше сказать, проще сказать ≈ better to say вернее сказать, точнее сказать ≈ (to put it) more precisely можно сказать ≈ one might, could say нельзя сказать (чтобы) ≈ one cannot say that, it can hardly be said that и надо сказать ≈ and it must be said как вам сказать ≈ how shall/should I put it? (это) как сказать ≈ I wouldn't say that, I wouldn't put it quite that way вообще говоря ≈ generally speaking;
as a matter of fact собственно говоря ≈ strictly speaking откровенно говоря ≈ frankly speaking, to be candid не говоря уже ≈ let alone;
not to mention по правде/совести говоря ≈ to tell the truth по правде сказать, правду сказать ≈ to tell/say the truth, truth to tell/say нечего сказать! ≈ indeed!;
well, I never( did) ! как ни говори ≈ whatever one may say кстати сказать, кстати говоря ≈ by the way, incidentally чтобы не сказать ≈ (and) you could even say чтобы не сказать больше ≈ to say the least, to put it lightly сказано - сделано разг. ≈ no sooner said than doneсов. см. говорить 2;
трудно ~ it is hard to say;
что он хочет этим ~? what does he mean by that?;
скажите пожалуйста! fancy!;
нечего ~! indeed!, there`s no denying the fact;
ничего не скажешь certainly, that`s a fact;
сказано ~ сделано no sooner said than done;
не скажу, чтобы... I wouldn`t say...;
так ~ so to speak. -
13 in
/in/ * giới từ - ở, tại, trong (nơi chốn, không gian...) =in the room+ trong phòng =in the Soviet Union+ ở Liên Xô =in the sky+ trong bầu trời =in the crowed+ trong đám đông =in the dark+ trong bóng tối =in the rain+ trong mưa, dưới trời mưa =in a storm+ trong cơn bão =to serve in the army+ phục vụ trong quân đội =in Shakespeare+ trong (những tác phẩm của) Sếch-xpia - về, vào, vào lúc, trong, trong lúc (thời gian) =in spring+ về mùa xuân =in 1945+ vào năm 1945 =in the morning+ vào buổi sáng =the first time in one's life+ lần đầu tiên trong đời =in an hour+ trong một tiếng đồng hồ, trong một giờ =it was done in a day+ việc đó làm xong trong một ngày - ở vào, trong (phạm vi, hoàn cảnh, điều kiện, trạng thái, tâm trạng...); trong khi, trong lúc, đang lúc, đang =to be in a favourable postision+ ở vào thế thuận lợi =in any case+ trong bất kỳ trường hợp nào =in someone's power+ trong phạm vi quyền lực của ai =in someone's place+ ở vào địa vị ai =blind in one eye+ chột mắt =small in stature+ vóc người nhỏ bé =in perplexity+ đang bối rối lúng túng =in a firy+ trong cơn giận dữ =in tears+ đang khóc =in debt+ mang công mắc nợ =in fruit+ đang ra quả =in crosssing the river+ trong khi qua sông =in my absence+ trong lúc tôi vắng mặt =in the very act+ khi đang hành động, quả tang - vào, vào trong =to throw in the fire+ ném vào lửa =to look in a mirror+ nhìn vào gương =to be absorbed in work+ mải mê công việc - theo =in my opinion+ theo ý kiến tôi =in his fancy+ theo trí tưởng tượng của hắn; trong trí tưởng tượng của hắn - thành =packed in dozens+ đóng thành từng tá =to go in twos and threes+ đi thành từng nhóm hai, ba =to cut in two+ cắt thành hai phần, chia làm đôi =falling in folds+ rủ xuống thành nếp - bằng =writter in English+ viết bằng tiếng Anh =to build in wood+ xây dựng bằng gỗ =a statue in marble+ pho tượng bằng cẩm thạch - mặc, đeo... =a lady in in red+ một bà mặc áo màu đỏ =in decorations+ đeo huân chương - vì =to cry in pain+ kêu khóc vì đau - để =in my defence+ để bảo vệ cho tôi =in reply to...+ để trả lời cho... =in return for something+ để đền đáp lại cái gì, để trả lại cái gì =in opposition to+ để chống lại, để phản đối lại - về, ở =to be weak in English+ kém về môn tiếng Anh =a lecture in anatomy+ bài thuyết trình về giải phẫu =to differ in something+ khác nhau về cái gì =to change in volume+ thay đổi về khối lượng =to diminish in size+ thu nhỏ về kích thước =rich in quality+ phong phú về chất lượng =to believe in something+ tin tưởng ở cái gì =the latest thing in electronics+ (thông tục) cái mới nhất về điện tử =four meters in length+ bốn mét (về) chiều dài =three metters in width+ bốn mét (về) chiều rộng !in all - (xem) all !in fact - (xem) fact !in itself - (xem) itself !in so far as - (xem) far !in that - bởi vì !in truth - thực vậy !to be not in it - không nước gì, không ăn thua gì; không phải là một đối thủ đáng gờm !he has it in him - hắn có đủ khả năng làm điều đó !there is not one in a hundred - trăm phần không có lấy một phần * phó từ - vào =to walk in+ đi vào, bước vào =to lock somebody in+ giam ai vào - ở nhà =is anyone in?+ có ai ở nhà không? - đến, đến bến, cặp bến =summer is in+ mùa hạ đã đến =the train is in+ xe lửa đã đến =the boat is in+ tàu đã cặp bến - đang nắm chính quyền =the Vietnam Workres' Party is one which is in+ Đảng Lao động Việt nam là đảng nắm chính quyền - đang mùa; đang thịnh hành, đang là cái mốt =pineapples are in+ đang mùa dứa =nylon stocking are in+ bít tất ny lông đang là cái mốt - ở trong, ở bên trong =a coat with the woolly side in+ áo choàng có lượt len lót trong !to be in for - mắc vào, lâm vào =to be in for trouble+ lâm vào cảnh khó chịu phiền muộn =to be in for it+ gặp chịu khó chuyện, gặp chuyện bực mình (do chính mình gây ra) - dự thi (một cuộc đua...) =to be in for an examination+ đi thi !to be in with somebody - giận ai, bực mình với ai !in and out - ra ra vào vào, đi đi lại lại !in on it - (thông tục) biết thừa đi rồi, biết tỏng đi rồi !in with it! - để vào!, đem vào! * danh từ - (số nhiều) (chính trị) (the ins) Đảng đang nắm chính quyền =the ins and the outs+ đảng đang nắm chính quyền và đảng không nắm chính quyền - đảng viên đảng nắm chính quyền - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ), (thông tục) nơi vào, chỗ vào; sự đưa vào - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ), (thông tục) thế lực !the ins and outs - những chỗ lồi ra lõm vào, những chỗ ngoằn ngoèo (của một nơi nào) - những chi tiết (của một vấn đề...) * tính từ - trong, nội - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) cầm quyền =the in party+ đảng cầm quyền * ngoại động từ, (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ); (tiếng địa phương) - thu thập lại, thu vén lại, thu lại; gặt =to in the hay before it rains+ thu vén cỏ khô trước khi trời mưa - bao quanh, quây lại -
14 fantasy
1. n воображение, фантазия2. n плод, игра воображения3. n уст. галлюцинация4. n каприз5. n необоснованное предположение, фантазия, бред6. n лит. фантастика7. v муз. играть фантазии; импровизироватьСинонимический ряд:1. apparition (noun) apparition; phantasm; phantom2. dream (noun) bubble; chimera; creation; dream; fabrication; fiction; illusion; invention; myth; phantasy; pipe dream; rainbow3. reverie (noun) daydream; dreams; fancy; figment; flight of fancy; hallucination; imagination; imaginativeness; mirage; nightmare; reverie; visionАнтонимический ряд:fact; reality -
15 Mind
It becomes, therefore, no inconsiderable part of science... to know the different operations of the mind, to separate them from each other, to class them under their proper heads, and to correct all that seeming disorder in which they lie involved when made the object of reflection and inquiry.... It cannot be doubted that the mind is endowed with several powers and faculties, that these powers are distinct from one another, and that what is really distinct to the immediate perception may be distinguished by reflection and, consequently, that there is a truth and falsehood which lie not beyond the compass of human understanding. (Hume, 1955, p. 22)Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white Paper, void of all Characters, without any Ideas: How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it, with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from Experience. (Locke, quoted in Herrnstein & Boring, 1965, p. 584)The kind of logic in mythical thought is as rigorous as that of modern science, and... the difference lies, not in the quality of the intellectual process, but in the nature of things to which it is applied.... Man has always been thinking equally well; the improvement lies, not in an alleged progress of man's mind, but in the discovery of new areas to which it may apply its unchanged and unchanging powers. (Leґvi-Strauss, 1963, p. 230)MIND. A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but itself to know itself with. (Bierce, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 55)[Philosophy] understands the foundations of knowledge and it finds these foundations in a study of man-as-knower, of the "mental processes" or the "activity of representation" which make knowledge possible. To know is to represent accurately what is outside the mind, so to understand the possibility and nature of knowledge is to understand the way in which the mind is able to construct such representation.... We owe the notion of a "theory of knowledge" based on an understanding of "mental processes" to the seventeenth century, and especially to Locke. We owe the notion of "the mind" as a separate entity in which "processes" occur to the same period, and especially to Descartes. We owe the notion of philosophy as a tribunal of pure reason, upholding or denying the claims of the rest of culture, to the eighteenth century and especially to Kant, but this Kantian notion presupposed general assent to Lockean notions of mental processes and Cartesian notions of mental substance. (Rorty, 1979, pp. 3-4)Under pressure from the computer, the question of mind in relation to machine is becoming a central cultural preoccupation. It is becoming for us what sex was to Victorians-threat, obsession, taboo, and fascination. (Turkle, 1984, p. 313)7) Understanding the Mind Remains as Resistant to Neurological as to Cognitive AnalysesRecent years have been exciting for researchers in the brain and cognitive sciences. Both fields have flourished, each spurred on by methodological and conceptual developments, and although understanding the mechanisms of mind is an objective shared by many workers in these areas, their theories and approaches to the problem are vastly different....Early experimental psychologists, such as Wundt and James, were as interested in and knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system as about the young science of the mind. However, the experimental study of mental processes was short-lived, being eclipsed by the rise of behaviorism early in this century. It was not until the late 1950s that the signs of a new mentalism first appeared in scattered writings of linguists, philosophers, computer enthusiasts, and psychologists.In this new incarnation, the science of mind had a specific mission: to challenge and replace behaviorism. In the meantime, brain science had in many ways become allied with a behaviorist approach.... While behaviorism sought to reduce the mind to statements about bodily action, brain science seeks to explain the mind in terms of physiochemical events occurring in the nervous system. These approaches contrast with contemporary cognitive science, which tries to understand the mind as it is, without any reduction, a view sometimes described as functionalism.The cognitive revolution is now in place. Cognition is the subject of contemporary psychology. This was achieved with little or no talk of neurons, action potentials, and neurotransmitters. Similarly, neuroscience has risen to an esteemed position among the biological sciences without much talk of cognitive processes. Do the fields need each other?... [Y]es because the problem of understanding the mind, unlike the wouldbe problem solvers, respects no disciplinary boundaries. It remains as resistant to neurological as to cognitive analyses. (LeDoux & Hirst, 1986, pp. 1-2)Since the Second World War scientists from different disciplines have turned to the study of the human mind. Computer scientists have tried to emulate its capacity for visual perception. Linguists have struggled with the puzzle of how children acquire language. Ethologists have sought the innate roots of social behaviour. Neurophysiologists have begun to relate the function of nerve cells to complex perceptual and motor processes. Neurologists and neuropsychologists have used the pattern of competence and incompetence of their brain-damaged patients to elucidate the normal workings of the brain. Anthropologists have examined the conceptual structure of cultural practices to advance hypotheses about the basic principles of the mind. These days one meets engineers who work on speech perception, biologists who investigate the mental representation of spatial relations, and physicists who want to understand consciousness. And, of course, psychologists continue to study perception, memory, thought and action.... [W]orkers in many disciplines have converged on a number of central problems and explanatory ideas. They have realized that no single approach is likely to unravel the workings of the mind: it will not give up its secrets to psychology alone; nor is any other isolated discipline-artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, neurophysiology, philosophy-going to have any greater success. (Johnson-Laird, 1988, p. 7)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mind
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16 one
one [wʌn](a) (in expressions of age, date, measurement etc) un (une);∎ one dollar un dollar;∎ one pound une livre;∎ one and a half kilos un kilo et demi;∎ twenty-one apples vingt et une pommes;∎ one million un million;∎ one thousand mille;∎ at one o'clock à une heure;∎ he'll be one (year old) in June il aura un an en juin;∎ one fifty (a hundred and fifty) cent cinquante; (one pound and fifty pence) une livre cinquante (pence); (one dollar fifty cents) un dollar cinquante (cents); (time) deux heures moins dix, une heure cinquante;∎ one or two (a few) un/une ou deux;∎ a million or a thousand and one (a lot) un millier de;∎ the odds are (at) ten to one la cote est à dix contre un;∎ it's ten to one that or American one will get you ten that he's at the office je parie (à) dix contre un qu'il est au bureau(b) (referring to a single object or person) un (une);∎ one American in two un Américain sur deux;∎ only one answer is correct il n'y a qu'une seule bonne réponse;∎ at any one time au même moment;∎ one car looks much like another to me pour moi, toutes les voitures se ressemblent;∎ take one half and give him the other prends-en une moitié et donne-lui l'autre;∎ one member one vote = système de scrutin "un homme, une voix"(c) (only, single) seul, unique;∎ my one mistake ma seule erreur;∎ the one woman who knows la seule femme qui soit au courant;∎ no one man should have that responsibility c'est trop de responsabilité pour un seul homme;∎ not one family was spared pas une (seule) famille ne fut épargnée∎ they all arrived on the one day ils sont tous arrivés le même jour;∎ the two wanted men are in fact one and the same person les deux hommes recherchés sont en fait une seule et même personne;∎ to be of one mind (with sb on sth) être du même avis (que qn sur qch);∎ it's all one to me ça m'est égal(e) (instead of "a")∎ if there's one thing I hate it's rudeness s'il y a une chose que je n'aime pas, c'est bien la grossièreté;∎ for one thing it's too late d'abord, c'est trop tard;∎ one thing at a time chaque chose en son temps;∎ one thing you'll need to know is… il y a quelque chose qu'il vous faudra savoir…;∎ we had one customer once who wouldn't leave une fois on a eu un client qui ne voulait pas partir∎ I was introduced to one Ian Bell on m'a présenté un certain Ian Bell∎ one day you'll understand un jour, tu comprendras;∎ one evening in July un soir de juillet;∎ early one morning un matin de bonne heure∎ that's one fine car! c'est une sacrée bagnole!;∎ the room was one big mess! il y avait une de ces pagailles dans la pièce!;∎ it's been one hell of a day! quelle journée!□2 pronounA.(a) (person, thing)∎ which one lequel (laquelle) m,f;∎ this one celui-ci (celle-ci) m,f;∎ that one celui-là (celle-là) m,f;∎ the other one l'autre mf;∎ the right one le (la) bon (bonne);∎ the wrong one le (la) mauvais(e);∎ which one do you prefer? lequel (laquelle) préférez-vous?;∎ which ones? lesquels?;∎ these ones ceux-ci (celles-ci) mpl, fpl;∎ those ones ceux-là (celles-là) mpl, fpl;∎ which dog? - the one that's barking quel chien? - celui qui aboie;∎ which cars? - the ones you like quelles voitures? - celles que tu aimes;∎ the one I spoke of celui dont j'ai parlé;∎ he's the one who did it c'est lui qui l'a fait;∎ one of my colleagues is sick (l')un de mes collègues est malade;∎ one of the bulbs has fused (l')une des ampoules a grillé;∎ one of them l'un d'entre eux, l'un d'eux;∎ give me one of them donnez-m'en un;∎ she's one of us elle est des nôtres;∎ any one of us n'importe lequel d'entre nous;∎ that's one of my favourite restaurants c'est (l')un de mes restaurants préférés;∎ he's one of my many admirers c'est un de mes nombreux admirateurs;∎ I've only got one je n'en ai qu'un;∎ there's only one left il n'en reste qu'un;∎ I was the only one there j'étais le seul à me trouver là;∎ have you seen one? en avez-vous vu un?;∎ two for the price of one deux pour le prix d'un;∎ one or other l'un d'eux;∎ one after the other l'un après l'autre;∎ you can't have one without the other l'un ne va pas sans l'autre;∎ take the new one prends le nouveau;∎ the scheme was a good one on paper le plan était excellent en théorie;∎ she's eaten all the ripe ones elle a mangé tous ceux qui étaient mûrs/toutes celles qui étaient mûres;∎ our loved or dear ones ceux qui nous sont chers;∎ the mother and her little ones la mère et ses petits;∎ she's my littlest one c'est ma plus jeune ou ma petite dernière;∎ he's a strange one, that boy il est bizarre, ce garçon;∎ familiar I'm not much of a one or I'm not a great one for cheese je ne raffole pas du fromage;∎ she's a great one for computers c'est une mordue d'informatique;∎ she's one in a million or thousand c'est une perle rare;∎ I'm not one to gossip but… je ne suis pas du genre commère mais…;∎ I want the opinion of one better able to judge je voudrais avoir l'opinion de quelqu'un qui soit plus capable de juger;∎ familiar there's one born every minute! comment peut-on être aussi stupide!□ ;∎ one and all tous (sans exception);∎ one at a time un à la fois;∎ proverb one for all and all for one un pour tous et tous pour un;∎ familiar to get one over on sb avoir l'avantage sur qn□(b) (joke, story, question etc)∎ have you heard the one about the two postmen? tu connais celle des deux facteurs?;∎ that's a good one! elle est bien bonne celle-là!;∎ that's a hard one (a difficult question) vous me posez une colle;∎ that's an easy one c'est facile;∎ the question is one of great importance cette question est d'une grande importance;∎ you'll have to solve this one yourself il faudra que tu règles ça tout seul∎ do you fancy a quick one? on prend un verre en vitesse?□ ;∎ to have had one too many avoir bu un coup de trop∎ to hit or thump or belt sb one en coller une à qn∎ to go into one (lose one's temper) péter les plombs, péter une durite∎ to give sb one (have sex with) en glisser une paire à qn∎ to make one faire une augmentation, augmenter d'une maille(h) Stock Exchange unité f;∎ to issue shares in ones émettre des actions en unitésB.∎ if one loses one's or American his temper si on se met en colère;∎ one can only do one's or American his best on fait ce qu'on peut;∎ it is enough to make one weep il y a de quoi vous faire pleurer;∎ it certainly makes one think ça fait réfléchir, c'est sûr∎ to wash one's hands se laver les mains;∎ to put one's hands in one's pockets mettre ses ou les mains dans les poches∎ formal to be at one with sb/sth être en harmonie avec qn/qch;∎ she felt at one with the world elle se sentait en harmonie avec le monde∎ I for one am disappointed pour ma part, je suis déçu;∎ I know that Gillian for one is against it je sais que Gillian est contre en tout cas∎ all in one à la fois;∎ she's a writer, actress and director (all) in one elle est à la fois scénariste, actrice et metteur en scène;∎ two volumes in one deux volumes en un;∎ a useful three-in-one kitchen knife un couteau de cuisine très utile avec ses trois fonctions(b) (at one attempt) du premier coup;∎ he did it in one il l'a fait en un seul coup;∎ familiar got it in one! du premier coup!□∎ they arrived in ones and twos ils arrivèrent les uns après les autres;∎ people stood around in ones and twos les gens se tenaient là par petits groupes(two people) l'un l'autre (l'une l'autre) m,f; (more than two people) les uns les autres (les unes les autres) mpl, fpl;∎ they didn't dare talk to one another ils n'ont pas osé se parler;∎ we love one another nous nous aimons;∎ the group meet in one another's homes le groupe se réunit chez l'un ou chez l'autre;∎ they respect one another (two people) ils ont du respect l'un pour l'autre; (more than two people) ils se respectent les uns les autres;∎ you can copy one another's notes (two people) vous pouvez copier vos notes l'un sur l'autre; (more than two people) vous pouvez copier vos notes les uns sur les autresun par un (une par une)►► the One Thousand Guineas = course de chevaux qui se déroule à Newmarket en Angleterre -
17 divide
dɪˈvaɪd
1. сущ.
1) разг. дележ, дележка, раздел на части There is to be the big divide next New Year, but I shan't be in it. ≈ В следующем году намечается грандиозная раздача слонов, но мне этого уже не видать.
2) амер. геогр. водораздел, водораздельный хребет Great Continental Divide Syn: watershed
2. гл.
1) отделять одно от другого а) отделять(ся), разъединять(ся), нарушать целостность( from) (тж. divide off) I want to build a fence to divide the flower garden from the vegetable garden. ≈ Чтобы отделить цветник от сада, мне пришлось построить оградку. This purl of the field has been divided off with a fence, to keep the cows in. ≈ Эта часть поля была огорожена плетнем, чтобы коровы не могли выйти за его пределы. Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians. ≈ Разделено царство твое, и отдано мидянам и персам ( Дан, 5-
28) The sick were divided from the rest. ≈ Больных отделили от остальных. divide and rule divide and govern б) вызывать разногласия( о предмете дискуссии) ;
расходиться, не соглашаться( о людях) в) парл. голосовать Opposition were afraid to divide upon it. ≈ Оппозиция боялась ставить это на голосование. divide! divide! divide the House г) прям. перен. рассекать To divide a pathway through such a sea. ≈ Плыть по такому морю. д) сомневаться, колебаться, не иметь единого мнения, не знать, какое решение принять Syn: distract, perplex е) в Кембриджском университете о середине семестра The term divides on November 9th. ≈ Середина семестра 9го ноября. ∙ split up, cleave, break, cut, sunder, part
2) делить целое на части а) делить(ся), распределяться Divide the cake equally among all the children. ≈ Раздели пирог поровну между детьми. The different responsibilities are divided among the committee members. ≈ Разным членам комитета поручена ответственность за разные участки работы. Syn: deal out, dispense б) разделять, дробить, подразделять;
делить на группы, классы We commonly divide the people into agricultural and manufacturing. ≈ Обычно мы делим людей на крестьян и рабочих (Гамильтон,
1845) Syn: class, classify в) тех. градуировать (измерительный прибор) г) мат. делить;
суж. делиться нацело, без остатка д) делиться, отдавать часть чего-л. кому-л. еще;
иметь свою часть от чего-л. If you'll be good, you shall divide in everything. ≈ Если будешь добр, у тебя будет все. ∙ divide the hoof Syn: allocate, allot, apportion, assign, distribute, ration Ant: commingle, connect, fuse, unify водораздел граница, рубеж - the continental * between Europe and Asia континентальная граница между Европой и Азией (разговорное) дележ;
распределение > the Grand /Great/ D. (американизм) Скалистые горы;
смерть > to go over the D. (американизм) перейти в мир иной, умереть делить, разделять - to * smth. in two делить что-л. пополам - to * smth. (into three parts) разделить что-л. (на три части) - to * one's hair in the middle носить волосы на прямой пробор - *d between hatred and pity (образное) со смешанным чувством ненависти и жалости делиться, разбиваться на части - to * into smaller groups разбиться на более мелкие группы - to * at the mouth образовывать дельту (о реке) (математика) делить, производить деление - to * 60 by 12, to * 12 into 60 разделить 60 на 12 (математика) быть делителем - 9 *s into 36, 36 *s by9 36 делится на 9 (математика) делиться без остатка классифицировать;
подразделять - to * words into simple, derived and compound делить слова на простые, производные и сложные отделять;
отрезать;
отрывать - to * two houses отделять два дома друг от друга (стеной и т. п.) - to * fancy from fact отличать вымысел от истины - to * smb. from the world отрезать кого-л. от мира - to * the sheep from the goats (библеизм) отделить овец от козлищ отделять, служить преградой - the railing that *ed the spectators from the court перила, которые отделяли зрителей от суда - the mountains that * France from Spain горы, разделяющие Францию и Испанию распределять;
производить дележ - to * the profits among /between/ them поделить прибыль между ними - to * smth. with a friend поделиться чем-л. с другом - to * one's time between work and play распределять время между работой и развлечениями - we * the work among us мы распределяем (всю) работу между собой рассредоточивать (внимание) - to * one's attention between two things думать одновременно о двух вещах вызвать разногласия, расхождения во мнениях - to be *d in opinion разойтись во взглядах - opinions are *d on the point по этому вопросу мнения расходятся - my mind is *d on the point у меня сомнения /я не принял решения/ по этому вопросу расходиться во мнениях, обнаруживать разногласия - the parties *d on the point партии разошлись во мнениях по этому вопросу - a party *d against itself партия, раздираемая разногласиями - a House *d against itself палата, не сумевшая прийти к общему /единому/ мнению (парламентское) голосовать, ставить на голосование, проводить голосование - to * the House провести голосование в палате - D.!, D.! ставьте на голосование! (парламентское) разделять на группы при голосовании (парламентское) вызывать разделение голосов - the proposal *d the meeting при голосовании этого предложения голоса участников собрания разделились (специальное) градуировать, наносить деления на шкалу (техническое) измельчать, диспергировать > * and rule разделяй и властвуй the Great Divide смерть;
to cross the Great Divide умереть divide амер. водораздел ~ вызывать разногласия;
расходиться (во взглядах) ;
opinions are divided on the point по этому вопросу мнения расходятся ~ вызывать разногласия ~ вызывать расхождения во мнениях ~ парл. голосовать;
divide!, divide! возгласы, требующие прекращения прений и перехода к голосованию;
to divide the House провести поименное голосование ~ парл. голосовать;
divide!, divide! возгласы, требующие прекращения прений и перехода к голосованию;
to divide the House провести поименное голосование ~ парл. голосовать;
divide!, divide! возгласы, требующие прекращения прений и перехода к голосованию;
to divide the House провести поименное голосование ~ голосовать, ставить на голосование ~ голосовать ~ градуировать, наносить деления (на шкалу) ~ граница ~ мат. делить;
делиться без остатка;
sixty divided by twelve is five шестьдесят, деленное на двенадцать, равняется пяти ~ делить(ся) ;
разделяться;
to divide into several parts (among several persons) разделить на несколько частей( между несколькими лицами) ~ делить ~ классифицировать ~ отделять(-ся) ;
разъединять(ся) ~ отделять ~ подразделять;
дробить ~ подразделять ~ проводить голосование ~ разг. разделение;
дележ ~ разделять ~ распределять (among, between) ;
делиться (with) ~ распределять ~ рассредоточивать ~ расходиться во мнениях ~ ставить на голосование ~ делить(ся) ;
разделяться;
to divide into several parts (among several persons) разделить на несколько частей (между несколькими лицами) ~ парл. голосовать;
divide!, divide! возгласы, требующие прекращения прений и перехода к голосованию;
to divide the House провести поименное голосование house: to divide the ~ парл. провести поименное голосование;
to make a house обеспечить кворум( в палате общин) the Great Divide перевал в Скалистых горах the Great Divide смерть;
to cross the Great Divide умереть ~ вызывать разногласия;
расходиться (во взглядах) ;
opinions are divided on the point по этому вопросу мнения расходятся ~ мат. делить;
делиться без остатка;
sixty divided by twelve is five шестьдесят, деленное на двенадцать, равняется пяти -
18 divide
1. [dıʹvaıd] n1. 1) водораздел2) граница, рубежthe continental divide between Europe and Asia - континентальная граница между Европой и Азией
2. разг. делёж; распределение♢
the Grand /Great/ Divide - амер. а) Скалистые горы; б) смерть2. [dıʹvaıd] vto go over the Divide амер. перейти в мир иной, умереть
1. 1) делить, разделятьto divide smth. in two - делить что-л. пополам
to divide smth. (into three parts) - разделить что-л. (на три части)
to divide one's hair in the middle [at the side] - носить волосы на прямой [на косой] пробор
divided between hatred and pity - образн. со смешанным чувством ненависти и жалости
2) делиться, разбиваться на части2. мат.1) делить, производить делениеto divide 60 by 12, to divide 12 into 60 - разделить 60 на 12
2) быть делителем9 divides into 36,36 divides by 9 - 36 делится на 9
3) делиться без остатка3. классифицировать; подразделятьto divide words into simple, derived and compound - делить слова на простые, производные и сложные
4. 1) отделять; отрезать; отрыватьto divide two houses - отделять два дома друг от друга (стеной и т. п.)
to divide smb. from the world - отрезать кого-л. от мира
to divide the sheep from the goats - библ. отделить овец от козлищ
2) отделять, служить преградойthe railing that divideed the spectators from the court - перила, которые отделяли зрителей от суда
the mountains that divide France from Spain - горы, разделяющие Францию и Испанию
5. 1) распределять; производить делёжto divide the profits among /between/ them - поделить прибыль между ними
to divide smth. with a friend - поделиться чем-л. с другом
to divide one's time between work and play - распределять время между работой и развлечениями
2) рассредоточивать ( внимание)to divide one's attention between two things - думать одновременно о двух вещах
6. 1) вызвать разногласия, расхождения во мненияхmy mind is divided on the point - у меня сомнения /я не принял решения/ по этому вопросу
2) расходиться во мнениях, обнаруживать разногласияthe parties divided on the point - партии разошлись во мнениях по этому вопросу
a party divided against itself - партия, раздираемая разногласиями
a House divided against itself - палата, не сумевшая прийти к общему /единому/ мнению
7. парл.1) голосовать, ставить на голосование, проводить голосованиеDivide!, Divide! - ставьте на голосование!
2) разделять на группы при голосовании3) вызывать разделение голосовthe proposal divided the meeting - при голосовании этого предложения голоса участников собрания разделились
8. спец. градуировать, наносить деления на шкалу9. тех. измельчать, диспергировать♢
divide and rule - разделяй и властвуй -
19 simple
'simpl1) (not difficult; easy: a simple task.) enkel, lett2) (not complicated or involved: The matter is not as simple as you think.) enkel, ukomplisert3) (not fancy or unusual; plain: a simple dress/design; He leads a very simple life.) enkel, liketil4) (pure; mere: the simple truth.) enkel, rein og skjær5) (trusting and easily cheated: She is too simple to see through his lies.) naiv, godtroende6) (weak in the mind; not very intelligent: I'm afraid he's a bit simple, but he's good with animals.) enfoldig, enkel•- simplicity
- simplification
- simplified
- simplify
- simply
- simple-minded
- simple-mindednessenkel--------grei--------lettIsubst. \/ˈsɪmpl\/1) dumrian2) person av enkel herkomst3) ( gammeldags) legeurtsimples enkelt folkIIadj. \/ˈsɪmpl\/1) enkel, usammensatt, ukomplisert, primitiv2) ukunstlet, naturlig, likefrem, enkel, simpel3) troskyldig, godtroende, naiv, enfoldig4) lett, tydelig, åpenbar• don't worry, it's a simple problemikke bekymre deg, det er et enkelt problem5) renpure and simple ganske enkelt, ren og skjær -
20 simple
['sɪmp(ə)l]adj1) простой, нетрудный, несложный, лёгкийThe boy found the job simple. — Мальчик считал это нетрудной работой.
The tune sounded simple enough. — Мотив звучал достаточно просто.
It wouldn't be so simple to put the decision into practice. — Не так-то легко будет претворить это решение в жизнь.
- simple plan- simple task
- simple explanation2) простой, скромный, непритязательный, простодушный, наивный, доверчивый, легковерныйHe was so simple that he believed everything. — Он был так наивен, что верил всему.
I am not so simple to believe that — я не так прост, чтобы этому поверить.
- simple house- simple building
- simple dinner
- simple meal
- simple diet
- simple pattern
- simple furniture
- simple clothes
- simple soul
- simple people
- simple but well prepared food
- dresses in simple styles
- be so simple that...
- lead a simple life
- look simple
- seem very simple
- sound simple
- write in simple style3) незнатный, рядовой- simple soldier- simple farm4) очевидный, явный, простой- simple fact- simple statement of facts
- it is a simple lie
- simple truth is that...
- it is simple madness
- it is a simple case robbery
- as simple as ABCASSOCIATIONS AND IMAGERY:Прямолинейная речь выглядит как простая, не красочная, простоватая - plain - эти ассоциации видны в следующих контекстах: She was famed for her plain speaking. Она была известна своей безыскусной речью. Every effort is made to write official documents in plain English. Официальные документы пытаются писать на доступном/понятном языке. He was plain - spoken almost to the point of rudeness. Он говорил простовато - прямолинейным языком, часто казавшимся грубоватым. Her prose is lucid and unadorned. Она пишет ясным/доступным языком, без каких-либо прикрас. I want you to give me the unvarnished truth. Я хочу, чтобы ты сказал мне всю, ничем не прикрытую, правду. It is said here in black and white you can get a visa provided you have a job. Правило написано черным по белому - виза не дается людям, не имеющим работы. И наоборот, нелапидарная речь ассоциируется с приукрашиванием: With each retelling Matt would add more embellishments to his story. При каждом новом пересказе история Мэтта становилась все более и более приукрашенной. Fancy writing is often used to obscuse the truth. Чтобы скрыть истину часто прибегают к языковым ухищрениям. Everyone embroiders the truth to some extent. Все в той или иной степени приукрашивают правду. Her colourful account of her life proved a huge success. Ее красочный рассказ о перипетиях ее жизни имел большой успех. They glossed over all the difficult questions. Все сложные вопросф они пытались приукрасить/скрыть за языковыми изысками
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